Oven or kiln



l. H. MARLOW.

OVEN 0R KILN.

APPLICATION mso MN. 4, 192|.

Patena Nov. 7, 1922.

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OVEN 0R KILN.

APPLCATlON FILVED JAN. 4, 192|.

Patented Nov. 7 19222.,

5 SHEETS-SHEET 34 J. H. MARLOW.

OVEN 0R KILN.

APPucATxoN man V1mm. 1921.

1,434,717. Patented. Nov. l 922i 5 SHEETS--S 4.

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I. H. MARLOW.

ovEN 0R KILN.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 4*, 192|.

Famed Nov. 7, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHED 5.'

f l. v l l l l l IJ Y N w Patented Nov. 7, 1922.

UNITED .STATES 1,434,717 PATENT oFEicE."

.ToHN HENRY MARLOWQOE sToKE-UPoN-TEENT, ENGLAND.

OVEN on KILN.'v

Application filed January 4, 1921. `Serial No. 434,979.

To all wlmi/1. Vit 72mg/ concern Be it known that I. JOI-1N HENV MAR Low, subject oit theKing of Great Britain and Irelanch'and `resident of Stoke-upon Trent, in the county ot' Stafford, England, manager, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ovens or Kiliis (for which I have applied for a patent in Great Britain onDecember Il, 1916, Patent No. 113,794), of which thefollowing is a specication.

My invention relates to ovens oi' kilns for heating or iringware when in the biscuit state such as tiles,.pottery, reclay goods or the like, oi` for glazing or enamelling ware such as pottery, tiles and the like.l the object being to provide an oven or kiln haviiig a combination ot' improved arrange ments .whereby the heat from' the combustion of gascan be more economically, and effectively utilized, and controlled than" has beenpossible iii ovens or kilns hitherto constructed. f

` 'Prior-'to the date of this invention ovens -l'or the purposes specified have been constructed in thetoi'ni of a tunnel having conibustioii chambers oi refractory material. arrangedlongitudinally at each side ot.' the oven, the combustion chamber also serving asa heat chamber for the transmission of heat.l The said longitudinal combustion -chambers have been arranged clear of the -walls of the tunnel. and a cariier or vehicle yspecially constructed heat distributingA con duits arranged longitudinally on each side of the interior of the oven or kiln.

.My invention will be fully described with reference to theaccoiiipanying drawings in which,

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the kfire zone of a tunnel oven constructed in accordance with my invention,

Fig. 2 is asimilar View of a specially` conrlater.

structed heat conduit, which is arranged lon# gitudinally at each side of the oven.

Fig. 3 is a detailof part of the tunnel or loven showing` an expansion joint to behereinafter described, v

" Fig. 4f is a sectional eiid elevatiomto a larger sca-le, of the expansion joint shown at l* 3, y

F ig. 6 is a similar viewY to Fig. 5 showing the. lues, in the wall or archway ot' the tunis a transverse section of the yoven nel, for circulating the heat,

Fig; 7 is a view showing only the right 'hand portion of Fig. G to fuitlier'illustrate the way the heat is circulated through the hues.

` F ig. 8 a longitudinal section-of Fig. 5

also illustrating thelues', l

F ig.' 9 is a diagram showing the means employed for introducing the airto be mixed 4with the gas to be hereinafterdescribed,

Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation of the vehicle or carrier for'the articles to be treated,

Fig. 11 is a side eleva-tion ot' the vehicle or carrierv shown at Fig. 10,

FigulQ is a plan of the'top portion of the vehicle or carrier, f

Fig. 13 Va diagrammatic view ot' a per" foiated cooling chamber, to be hereinafter described, formingypart of inv invention, and i Fig. 14. is a cross section showing a modicatioii of a heat conduit to he hereinafter `referred to.

According to my invention construct the oven or kiln withtwo combustion chambers b1 (see F ig.-

into which the ,qas issuing from a generator and through passage i is mixed with hot air, when combustion. takes place, the flame caused thereby passing` `into conduitsfl Z1 extending longitudinally on each side of theloven` orkiln ;l the heat cre- Lated then radiates round the oven and in and about the. ware or the like tobel fired,

'.glazed, or otherwise treated. The goods to be treated are carried on -a speciallyfconstiucted carrier `which` will `be described To ensure the successful iiring or glazing of all bodies two further combustion `chambers 3 and Zi* are built. lone at each side of the tunnel through a series of hues c and c1, six flues being shown.on the draw.- ings. Three of the lfines work in one direc# tion, whilst the other three work in an opposite direction. The flame passes through the three. flues c in the direction of the arrows shown in full lines at Figs. 6 and 8 the heat entering the conduit all through openings c3. The other three lues c carry the flame in the opposite direction that is, in the direction of the dotted arrows (Fig. 6) the heat entering' the conduit d through openings c4. By this means each seriesof fines circulate or convey the heat inropposite directions to the two heat conduitsd and d1, the waste heat being carried away by suction from .a fan or chimney.

Air is introduced to the gas in the combustiOncha-mberby means lof a pipe 20 as shown in the diagram7 Fig. 9, the combustion taking place at or near the outlet end of the pipe the flame then entering the cond-uit as will be understood.

The combustion chambers Z) and blor 1; and 'b4 (see Figs. 5, 6 and)'aregstructurally a part of the oven termed the fire Zone, this portion of the oven being so constructed that expansion and contraction ycannot possibly cause fractures; therefore Ino vgases can enter the 'oven containing the `ware or goods to affect the quality thereof.

Thel combustion chambers b3 and are norm-ally independent of the conduits l v Z1 and are held in reserve so that a second supply of flame can be utilized to feed the rings c and c1 when a more excessive heat is required which is supplied by an indcpendent conduit a (shown at Fig.r6) there being two passages leading from the vlgas producer.

The lconduits d d1 through which the flame is drawn are built up in sections, that is.J of curved slabs al* or plates placed side by side ofeach -other as shown at Fig. 2. Each of the said curved slabs d* rests on the'base block e of the tunnel and iny a 4recess i5 in theA wall of `tfhefoven (see Figs, rand 5) so that the inner face o f the curved portion, .the blocks `e andthe inner face of-thetunfnel form :the conduits (Z all, for the purpose specified. As shown in' the. Idrawings sulii- -cent space is left in the recess d; to allow for expansion and contraction. Some of the curved slabs or sections d* at each side of the fire. zone have a series of Vstuds =-o.r projections -g on which a layer of .slabs h vof refractory material is laid so las to for-1n cavities or chambers into which .air is "drawn and superheated in fa manner to he described, thereby considerably increasing the temperature ofthe fire zone which may Abe controlled by dampers c, the iutensity of the heat being greater thanin ovens 4or kilns hitherto constructed.

The air.' in the tunnel travels from 'the cooling zone towards the heating zone `X2 and outlet ofY tunnel at e. (F ig. l).y and consequently, the airis heated by the hot carriers 7 after they leave the heating` zonel X2. The heated air, travelling Aas stated, passes through the cavities or 'chambers at the end.Yl on either side of the fire zone X1 by which means it is superheated by the heat in .the` conduits before passing out at the end of the cham-bers j at 6 where it :Jenetrates the carrier entering the lire zone I 2 at a higher temperature than would be the case with a plain or uncovered surface.

`The oven or kiln is built in sections m 1v. as shown at l, 3 and fl over each division a: of which specially constructed covering bricks Z are laid to make Van airtight joint. Thesections .m and ai. and the covering bricks are grooved 'at oz and ;p,respectively7 to form a cavity for sand or vthe like suitable material and to make tightjoints whilst a projection Zlorr the underside of the brick engages the division a' between the .two sections .m and a. The walls lw of the oven or kiln are constructed so `as to allow for expansion and con-traction and the portionof the oven known as the fire zone (sce Figs. 6 and 7) hasn covering Iof nonconducting material lat y.

The carrier or vehicle for carr ing the tiles or other ygoods to betreated is shown in sectional elevation at Fig. 10 and in side elevation, partly in section, at l1. ln these figures the tiles are represented at g yon the :carrier 1r, -s being .they wheels Athereofr and t tlie rails or track. Thev toprr* of the carrier is in the form of a plate' or slab having perforations at u (se'e plan Fig. l2) and formedv with cavities/U on its'underside to all-ow the hot '.air to circulate.; The sides?n2 `of the carrier (see Figs. 5, i6, '7 vand L0) are preferably of the same curvature as the'conveX face of `the heat `conduit-s d and Z1 so vthat the carrier when passing through the lire zone, is;-i=ny closeproxiinilty thereto. f

At 4a suitable distance fromthe 'fire zone portion 'of the oven Aor kiln, is arranged a cooling chamber 2 constructed `as shown at Fig. 13. rlhe inner perforated `airchwary 3 is arranged a little distance away from the :outer walls .of the tunnel, .so :as .to 'forni a passage it through which -heat or Vbe Adrawn therethrough.

Theve'hicle or carrier r loaded vwith ftil'es may escape Aor other 'goods from the firing zone, is

cases, construct each of the conduits of two side pieces, slabs, 0r plates d6 and ZT (see Fig. 14) both resting on the base block e of the tunnel, the inner curved piece dl taking against the wall of the tunnel as shown. In this case also both curved pieces are formed with the cavities or chambers y' for the `purpose stated.

lWhat `I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is l. An oven or kilnl for the purposes stated having combustion chambers arranged below the top of the base block of the tunnel, said combustion chambers communicating heat to conduits arranged longitudinally inside the oven vor kiln and also through passages or flues formed in or round the archway in conjunction with the conduits of the oven substantially as described.

2. In an oven or kiln for the purposes stated the combination with. combustion chambers arranged below the top of the base block of the tunnel as claimed in claim l, said heat conduit arranged longitudinally at each side of the tunnel and constructed of curved slabs or sections having cha1nbers or cavities formed on the convex face thereof through which air is drawn and superheated to increase the intensity of the heat, each slab or section being placed side by side of each other with their lower edges resting on the base block of the tunnel and with their upper ends taking in a recess in the. wall of the tunnel, the latter and the curved slabs and the base block forni ing a heat conduit capable of expansion and contraction substantially as described.

3. An oven or kiln of they type herein referred to having its outer walls or tunnel built in sections tol allow for expansion and contraction, the div-ision between each seci tion being covered by bricks or slabs having cavities or recesses orsand or the like vmaterial to form an air-tight oint substantially- 

